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Why Hispaniola Kept Changing Flags: Spain, France, and the Road to Haiti

The island we now call Haiti and the Dominican Republic did not change hands because monarchs were whimsical. It moved with the tides of European war, sugar profits, and administrative exhaustion. This essay untangles the geography, the names, and the power ledger behind Hispaniola's shifting flags.

Nov 7, 202516 min